Contending with Health Outcomes of Sanctioned Rituals Practices: The Case of Female Genital Cutting

This paper explores the rites of passage rituals as loci health outcomes. It highlights how religiously sanctioned practices play a central role in healthcare defiance perceived private and public dichotomy that dominates modern secular mindset. Highlighted chapter are African passage, specifically breast “ironing”, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), child marriage. Drawing from findings survey 50 respondents, illustrates these exemplify invoke concerns Africa amongst Africans diaspora. The elevation scientific knowledge privatization categorization religious non-scientific mid-19th century resulted separation cure for physical body spiritual factors, thus eliciting statements like “medicine is secular” “religion sacred private.” In reality, however, medicine religion have been interwoven centuries ancient holistic paradigms present many cultures even society has modernized.